Theological distinctions between Law & Gospel

28
Jun

On July 2, 2006 the fourth Sunday after Pentecost has the following three readings assigned for Year B: Ezekiel 17:22-24 (Cedar tree); 2 Corinthians 5:1-10 (Absent from the LORD): and Mark 4:26-34 (Mustard seed). 2 Corinthians 5:10 is the text chosen for preaching this Sunday which reveals, “For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive the things done in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad.”

While I have attempted to choose a text for each Sunday that appears to contradict the Christian message, this week was a no brainer. What better verse in the Bible could one find than 2 Cor. 5:10 that appears to contradict the Reformation teaching that we are saved “by grace, through faith, not by works, lest anyone should boast”? This passage certainly gives the impression that on Judgment Day God will be checking out your works as to what you should receive for the rest of eternity.

This Blog has emphasized the distinction between living under the Law and living under the Gospel. As summarized on my radio program “Law and Gospel” that can be heard on kfuo.org, a way to understand this difference is to realize that “living under the Law” is to be thought of as living under “the thumb” of the Law while living under the Gospel is to live under “the umbrella” of the Gospel. To be under someone’s thumb is a great burden from which we seek relief and escape. To be under an umbrella is to be protected from either the wet of the rain or the rays of the sun.

Those who live under the Law attempt to gain God’s favor by obedience to the Law. Whether they are aware of it or not, they therefore have chosen to be living under the thumb of the curse of the Law which reads, “In the day that you sin, death is the result.” What most people do not realize is that God does not look for an occasional good work to fulfill His demands; He expects perfection in act, word and thought. No human being fulfills that expectation. “All sin and fall short of the glory of God.”

To live under the Gospel means that through faith in Jesus Christ we are relieved of having to fulfill God’s demands for salvation. How does that come about? Not through our works but through the works of Jesus Christ! Jesus not only died to forgive our sins but He also kept the Law perfectly on our behalf. In baptism we have the glorious good news that a tremendous holy exchange takes place in that Jesus takes upon Himself your sin and you receive that righteousness He achieved in keeping the Law perfectly.

Every theological passage in the Bible can be interpreted in one of two ways–from the viewpoint of either living under the Law or living under the Gospel. This passage is a perfect example of why one must keep this distinction between Law and Gospel clear. The old Adam interprets this verse to mean that on Judgment Day God will examine the works a human being has done by his own power, whether good or bad, in order to make a decision as to heaven or hell.

In contrast, this passage is understood quite differently by those who interpret it from the viewpoint of living under the umbrella of the Gospel. For the Gospel protects us from God’s sure wrath against us in light of our sinful actions, thoughts and words. We find instead that on Judgment Day God does not look at the sins of our old Adam but rather at the robe of righteousness in which we have been dressed. As with the prodigal son who was dressed in the best robe of his father, we have been dressed in the robe of Christ’s righteousness.

What does this mean? It means that on Judgment Day, God sees not the good works we have done, tainted through and through with sin, but the fruit of the Holy Spirit done by us through faith in Jesus Christ, our LORD and Savior. Read how the righteous sheep themselves in Matthew 25 are most surprised that God regards their works as sufficient for heaven whereas all the good works of the cursed help them not at all. Only the believer in Christ is enabled to do fruit of the Holy Spirit which happens so spontaneously, without much effort, that believers are simply unaware of often such fruit is produced through faith in Jesus Christ.

Thus, what is at first reading a passage that can cause much anxiety and worry over one’s eternal fate for those who live under the Law, now becomes a passage that has no fear when we realize that God’s Judgment is based not upon the works of the sinful Adam but the fruit of the new Man through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. That is how the distinction between Law and Gospel not only results in different understandings of theological passages but also brings comfort and protection from the wrath of God by grace through faith in Jesus Christ, the only Savior from sin, death and the devil.

Category : Law & Gospel

4 Responses to “Sermon B: 4th S Pentecost: 2 Cor 5:10”


Anonymous June 28, 2006

I am having an email conversation with a leader in church I attended for 20 years. The issue has been “how do we measure fruit”. They say that there “must” be change and somehow it can be measured. I say that there is change (faith) but we cannot lay the burden on a person as to what any change can be since changing behaviors is a psychological issue not a theological issue.

I have used your Example of Matt 25 as a support of this: They did not know so how can we tell someone “this must happen or you are not really a disciple”?

The basis of their thoughts seem to stem from misreading some scriptures such as Rom 8. They take the first few verses to mean, “if you are led by the spirit you will start being able to fulfill the law and thus be under less condemnation”. If they really thought about it this leads to the position that if you sin, even once, you are not saved.

I take it to mean that God looks at us as already having fulfilled the Law because of the work of Christ and that being led by the spirit has more to do with seeing than doing.

So, having been influneced by listening to you program, I am asking you if my stand seems clear.

Steve S

FM483 June 28, 2006

I was born and raised in a loving Roman Catholic family. As a young Christian I was acquainted with the fact that Christ died for my sins. However, my understanding of salvation and the Final Judgment assumed the usual human viewpoint of an accounting balance sheet: God will evaluate my good deeds to see if they outweigh my bad deeds. This understanding, that God grades on a curve, is the dominant one in all religions, even most Christian denominations. Lutheranism has greatly assisted my orthodoxy in understanding and applying biblical truths. Prior to my experience with Lutheranism there was a failure at distinguishing between the temporal and spiritual kingdoms as well as Law and Gospel. I recall that the Gospel was never clearly taught and defined as a young Christian. There was always an elusiveness to the comfort of the Gospel: just when I “got it”, it tended to slip away and I resorted back to the Law of the balance sheet concept. The Truth was simply difficult to grasp and retain, primarily because most denomination fail to constantly reinforce the message. As St Paul told his readers – they may have heard the message several times before, but they need to hear it again! Lutheranism does just this – it is a “broken record” for a reason: men need to continue to hear the Gospel repeated over and over until their minds begin to absorb the Truth and are renewed. The heart can hear the Gospel and believe it immediately, thereby obtaining salvation. However, it is not a “one time” matter as far as the human brain is concerned. What am I referring to? To the wonderful Gospel message: believers have already been judged by God – the atonement of Christ has fully paid for their sins so that God has legally declared them Not Guilty! With this great comfort, a man can read 2Cor 5:10 and automatically understand that this cannot possibly be a “balance sheet” oriented verse for believers since they have already been judged. It must therefore imply judgment in terms of rewards for believers and condemnation for unbelievers.

Frank Marron

Tom Baker July 1, 2006

As to Frank’s comments, I thank you for your words and pray that they will be beneficial to others as they have been to me.

As to Steve’s comments, I would add the following. First of all, I appreciate your insights, especially your use of Matthew 25. How sad that those who use Romans 8 do not recognize that to walk in the Spirit is not to do sinless works but to live a life of continual repentance. For if we were truly able to be sinless, then we would no longer need the cross of Christ in this life. Walking in the flesh is to enjoy the fruit of sin and not be concerned about the wrath of God; walking in the spirit is to enjo the fruit of the Holy Spirit–one of which is to move us to repent of our sinful lives and turn to the cross of Christ for forgiveness and salvation. Thanks again for your contribution.

Larry Hughes July 5, 2006

Great food for the soul! I wish I could get both Dr. Baker and many of the posters on this blog together for a round table lunch once a month just as a recharge, though I’m far far from rich, I’d buy! Geographically that’s impossible, but it is so refreshing to hear these passages under living under the Gospel. Between what one normally hears even among brothers in the faith, the devil’s daily accusations and the old man it’s impossible to give yourself the Gospel. My old man is always getting in front of the TV so I can’t see the Gospel very well in them!

Mathew 25 was an epiphany for me a few months back on Law and Gospel. Because one thing is for certain, I can’t see any good works within and I don’t mean that in an artificial trying to be humble way either. Even those things that changed in my life I see the sin clinging to it, they are worse in a way than the rank sin I use to do outwardly and with impunity.

Along Mathew 25 lines, one thing I seem to recall Luther saying in his Heidelberg Disputation or alluding to it was similar to this; that the one “had” by the cross is repulsed by what he formerly was drawn to (his works, especially the good ones on the outside) and is now drawn to what he was formerly repulsed of (the Cross of Christ). It would seem to follow that one whose repulsion and drawing is so dramatically and diametrically reversed, would indeed eschew his good works not artificially as in false humility, but as one might repulse at the stench of dung found in one’s hands (this he formerly loved to hold and cuddle). And simultaneously Christ becomes greater than all gold so that he clings to Him above all else, this cross he formerly saw as utter foolishness and repulsion.

Larry
KY